【摘要】目的通过小鼠尾静脉高压注射的方法在肝细胞中建立持续、高效表达外源性肝细胞生长因子(HGF)的体系,探讨其在肝细胞凋亡中的作用机制。方法通过尾部静脉注射pCMV-HGF质粒,检测肝组织中HGF表达的高峰。实验动物分为模型组、pcDNA3保护组、pCMV-HGF质粒保护组和生理盐水对照组,Western blot检测tBid、细胞色素C在各组肝细胞质及线粒体中的表达情况。结果在小鼠尾静脉快速大量注射质粒4 h后肝脏中即有外源性HGF表达,8 h达高峰。D-GalN/LPS可诱导明显的细胞凋亡, pCMV-HGF保护组tBid及细胞色素C的表达明显减少。结论通过小鼠尾静脉高压注射的方法在肝细胞中建立持续表达外源性HGF 的体系,通过抑制Bid的活性片段tBid表达和细胞色素C释放来减轻凋亡蛋白的激活。 【关键词】肝细胞生长因子; 肝细胞凋亡; tBid; 细胞色素C Exogenous hepatocyte growth factor inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis in miceLIANG Ming, LI Feng, LI Jingyuan, et al.Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China Corresponding author: LI Shucheng, Email: shuchenli@yahoo.com.cn 【Abstract】ObjectiveTo produce substantial ,high levels of exogenous hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) protein in mouse livers by in vivo gene transfection and to observe the depressive effect of exogenous HGF on hepatocyte apoptosis in mice. MethodsNaked plasmid pCMV-HGF were injected rapidly via the tail vein of mice, and Western blot was used to detect the peak of the expression of HGF protein in the liver tissue. Four groupes were designed, including model group, empty pcDNA3 protected group, HGF plasmid protected group and control group.Western blotting analysis was performed to measure the tBid,and CytochromC in the hepatocyte homogenates and mitochondrion. Resultssignificant HGF protein was detected in the circulation as early as 4 hours following single injection of pCMV-HGF plasmid via the tail vein. The levels of HGF protein in liver reached its peak at 8 hours. D-GalN/LPS led to evident hepatocyte apoptosis and induced an decreased expression of tBid and CytochromC in plasmid protected group.ConclusionHepatocyte apoptosis could be inhibited by producing substantial,high levels of exogenous HGF protein in mouse livers through in vivo gene transfection. It may reduce the activation procedure of downstream apoptotic protein by blocking the expression of tBid. 【Key words】Hepatocyte growth factor; Hepatocyte apoptosis; tBid; Cytochrom C 肝细胞生长因子(HGF)具有修复损伤肝细胞的生物学活性,但由于外源HGF在血循环中极不稳定,半衰期短于15 min,很快在肝脏内清除[1,2],所以在临床上HGF治疗乙型肝炎病毒导致的肝脏损伤尚未取得显著疗效。目前HGF与肝细胞凋亡之间关系尚不明确。在体外实验有学者报道其对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱导肝细胞凋亡和坏死具有抑制作用。在体内建立高效、持续表达的外源性HGF,探讨其在肝细胞凋亡调控中的作用国内外鲜见报道。本研究旨在探讨外源性HGF在抗肝细胞凋亡中的作用机制,为HGF的基因治疗提供理论依据。 材料与方法 一、材料 雄性Balb/c小鼠,体重18~22 g,由哈尔滨医科大学动物试验中心提供。pCMV-HGF质粒为美国Youhua Liu博士惠赠。D-氨基半乳糖胺(D-GalN)购自重庆医科大学。LPS (E.Coli O127:B8)购自SIGMA公司。细胞色素C(Cytochrom C)抗体、Bax抗体、caspase-3多克隆抗体及tublin抗体购自Santa Cruz公司。Bid抗体购自博士德生物工程公司。 二、方法 (一) HGF基因体内转染及其在外周血和肝脏中的表达利用流体动力学为基础的基因转移技术,通过尾静脉在5~10 s内注射1.6 ml生理盐水(含10~40 μg pCMV-HGF)。注射空载体作为实验对照组[3]。注射后2、4、8、12、24 h提取肝细胞质, 采用Western Blot检测肝脏中HGF表达水平。同时检测肝功能、肾功能等探讨表达外源性HGF的安全性。 (二) 肝细胞凋亡模型的建立经预实验确定以D-GalN 700 mg/kg一次腹腔注射致敏,以LPS 10 μg/kg一次腹腔注射诱发,建立小鼠凋亡模型,用DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测肝细胞凋亡模型建立的情况。对照组腹腔注射生理盐水。 (三) 实验分组将小鼠分4组:A为模型组,B组为pcDNA3空质粒保护组,C组为pCMV-HGF质粒保护组,D组为生理盐水对照组,各10只。模型组直接腹腔注射D-GalN 700 mg/kg及LPS 10 μg/kg;pCMV-HGF质粒保护组/pcDNA3空质粒保护组在注射HGF质粒/pcDNA3空质粒后肝组织HGF表达高峰时间点腹腔注射D-GalN 700 mg/kg和LPS 10 μg/kg;尾静脉注射1.6 ml生理盐水为生理盐水对照组。4 h后杀死小鼠,分别提取肝细胞质及线粒体。 (四) Western Blot检测凋亡蛋白参考文献方法,检测caspase-3、Bax、tBid、Cytochrom C在各组小鼠肝细胞质及线粒体样本中的表达情况。 结果 一、外源性HGF在外周血及肝脏中的表达情况 在小鼠尾静脉快速、大量注入pCMV-HGF,于注射后4 h肝组织中即有外源性HGF表达,8 h达高峰(见图1)。同时检测肝功能、肾功能、电解质水平均在正常范围(数据未列出)。 图1(略) 二、肝细胞凋亡模型的建立 以D-GalN 700 mg/kg致敏,LPS 10 μg/kg腹腔注射6 h后可见典型的肝细胞凋亡。如图2所示,模型组基因组DNA由于在核小体之间断裂,电泳呈现典型的“梯状条带”。 三、Western Blot检测pCMV-HGF表达的外源性HGF对肝细胞凋亡的抑制作用 与B组相比,C组tBid的表达明显减少,Bid的切割受到抑制;线粒体中Cytochrome C的表达明显减少(见图3、图4)。图2(略)图3(略)图4(略) 讨论 HGF是一种具有多种生物学活性的细胞因子,可促进损伤组织修复和器官再生。对急性损伤的修复、防止纤维化及预防某些慢性疾病所致器官功能不全有潜在的治疗价值[4]。本实验利用CMV作为启动子、含有人类全长HGF cDNA的重组人类HGF表达质粒,从小鼠尾静脉快速、大量注入血循环中,通过体内转染使肝细胞中持续大量表达外源性HGF,并探讨其抗肝细胞凋亡的作用机制。研究发现,注入pCMV-HGF 4 h后在外周血和肝细胞中就有外源性HGF表达,在肝组织中8 h达高峰,与国外研究结果相似[3]。 肝细胞凋亡是涉及细胞外信号(如FasL、TNF-α)、细胞膜受体(如Fas、TNF-α R),caspase蛋白酶家族,Bcl2蛋白家族,线粒体释放 Cytochrom C和内质网应激等多种因素,最后由caspase介导的蛋白酶级联反应过程[8-10],而Cytochrom C释放是凋亡过程中的关键事件[5-7]。为阐明pCMV-HGF抗肝细胞凋亡机制,我们采用腹腔注射LPS/D-GalN这一方法成功构建了肝细胞凋亡损伤模型[11,12],Western blot分别检测肝细胞质中tBid、Cytochrome C凋亡蛋白的表达情况,发现空质粒对照组中各种蛋白或其活性片断的表达几乎为阴性,pCMV-HGF质粒保护组tBid、Cytochrome C的表达明显低于模型组和空质粒保护组,提示tBid、Cytochrome C与外源性HGF抑制D-GalN/LPS诱导肝细胞凋亡的作用机制有关。 本研究证实,pCMV-HGF质粒表达的HGF有较明确的抗肝细胞凋亡作用,其机制可能是通过降低tBid表达及CytochromeC释放发挥抗凋亡作用,从而促进肝细胞再生。 参考文献 1Kawaida k,Matsumoto k,Shimazu H,et al.Hepatocyte growth factor prevents acute renal failure and accelerates renal regeneration in mice. 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